Born in Montreal, he obtained a Master's degree in law from the University of Montreal and studied constitutional law at McGill University. A member of the Bar, he joined the Department of External Affairs in 1941 and became its legal advisor in 1956. A professor of international law, he was the first Canadian to sit on the United Nations International Law Commission. Appointed Under-Secretary of State of External Affairs in 1964, he became Ambassador to Washington in 1970 and Head of the Canadian Mission to the European Communities in 1975. He wrote several books on Canadian diplomacy.