Designed with Art Deco ornamentation by architect Benjamin Brown, this building was constructed for the Schiffer-Hillman Clothing Co., and was first occupied by many clothing businesses. Together with the Tower Building across Spadina Avenue (also designed by Brown), it formed a gateway to Toronto's "garment district", which employed many of Toronto's Jewish citizens. The building was named for British statesman Arthur J. Balfour, the author of the 1917 Balfour Declaration pledging British support for a future Jewish homeland in Palestine.